Cicero characterizes philosophy as cultura animi

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Although Pliny the Elder did not yet coin the word “culture” (cultura) as a term, he did distinguish between terrenus (belonging to the earth) and facticius (artificially produced things).

Cicero characterizes philosophy as cultura animi, that is, as the cultivation of the spirit. In addition to culture as material culture in Pliny, there is also culture as a processing of one's own personality.